Why is it interesting?

\There are no real one-particle systems in nature, not even few-particle systems. The existence of virtual pairs and of pair fluctuations shows that the days of fixed particle numbers are over." Viki Weisskopf

Layman

• https://profmattstrassler.com/articles-and-posts/particle-physics-basics/virtual-particles-what-are-they/
• https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/34049/what-really-goes-on-in-a-vacuum?lq=1
• http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/4349/are-w-z-bosons-virtual-or-not/22064#22064
• http://www.mat.univie.ac.at/~neum/physfaq/topics/vacfluc

Student

• https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/physics-virtual-particles/
• https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/misconceptions-virtual-particles/
• https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/vacuum-fluctuation-myth/

Researcher

Common Question 1

Common Question 2

Examples

Example1

Example2:

History