✎ Dark Matter [The Physics Travel Guide]

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====== Dark Matter ======

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Explanations in this section should contain no formulas, but instead colloquial things like you would hear them during a coffee break or at a cocktail party.
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In this section things should be explained by analogy and with pictures and, if necessary, some formulas.
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The WIMP miracle is an attractive and fairly generic consequence of the naturalness ap- proach to the Higgs. But, no matter how appealing it is, the WIMP paradigm will have to be replaced, if future experiments give no evidence in support of the idea.
How is one to proceed without guidance from the WIMP miracle? An often-used strategy is adding a single elementary particle for the dark matter and, possibly, another particle to mediate a force between the dark and visible sectors. This approach is justified by criteria of “minimality” or “simplicity”. While I agree that, given our ignorance about the dark sector, this is the first thing to try, I also think that the approach, rather than “minimal”, looks awfully shortsighted.
We have ample evidence that nature follows a grand scheme. We recognise in the Stan- dard Model features of this grand scheme. Adding one or two particles only for the reason of generating dark matter is not something that nature would do, if she indeed has a grand scheme in mind. It is much more plausible that the dark matter is only the tip of the ice- berg of a sector that serves a structural purpose. This is indeed the logic behind traditional WIMP models. Take the prototypical example of supersymmetry: the WIMP does not come alone, but it is one out of many new particles whose purpose is to stabilise the Higgs mass against quantum corrections.
Once we accept that dark matter is unlikely to manifest itself in “minimal” ways, the tree of possibilities grows rapidly. Post-naturalness dark matter could manifest itself in innumer- ably different manners. Why should dark matter be a single particle charged under a single force, while matter in the universe comes in a variety of states and chemical compounds?
Both theoretical activity and experimental searches for dark matter are adapting to this growing number of unconventional and multi-component forms of dark matter. Tension with the predictions of collisionless dark matter at small scales [42] can be relaxed if dark matter is self-interacting [43]. Moreover, dark matter could be much lighter than that expected for a WIMP. The extreme case is the proposal of fuzzy dark matter, made of a particle as light as 10−22 eV [44]. The light dark-matter window, for masses below the GeV range, is not well covered by conventional searches and several new clever techniques have been proposed to explore this region [45]. One of the most appealing aspects of these new ideas is that they are employing techniques borrowed from other sectors of science, from atomic physics to condensed matter. This cross-fertilisation between different research fields is especially needed during a phase of krisis.

<cite>https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.07663.pdf#page23</cite>

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* [[http://backreaction.blogspot.de/2017/01/the-bullet-cluster-as-evidence-against.html|The Bullet Cluster as Evidence against Dark Matter]] by Sabine Hossenfelder

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