✎ Flavor Democracy [The Physics Travel Guide]

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====== Flavor Democracy ======

<note tip>
Explanations in this section should contain no formulas, but instead colloquial things like you would hear them during a coffee break or at a cocktail party.
</note>
  
<tabbox Concrete>

* [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0370269378904859?via%3Dihub|Original Paper: Quark masses and Cabibbo angles]] by Haim Harari et. al.
  * Essential Review: [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146641011000068?via%3Dihub|Mass and flavor mixing schemes of quarks and leptons]] by Harald Fritzsch, Zhi-zhong Xing
 
<tabbox Abstract>

**Important Papers**

* [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/037026939091205P|Flavour democracy and the lepton-quark hierarchy]] by H. Fritzsch and J.Plankl
  * H. Harari, H. Haut and J. Weyers, Phys. Letl. B 78 (1978) 459;
  * Y. Chikashige, G. Gelmini, R.D. Pcccei and M. Roncadelli, Phys. Lett. B 94 (1980) 499.
  * C. Jarlskog, in: Proc. Intern. Conf. on Production and decay of heavy hadrons (Heidelberg, 1986).
  * Y. Koide, Phys. Rev. D 28 (1983) 252; Phys. Left. B 120 (1983) 16l; preprints US-89-01 (1989), US-89-07 (1989).
  * H. Fritzsch, preprint MPI-PAE 22/88 ( 1988); Proc. XI. Warsaw Symp. on High energy physics (Kazimierz, Poland, 1988); preprint MP1-PAE/PTh 26/89.
  * L. Laoura, Phys. Lett. B 228 (1989) 245.
  * C.H. Albright and M. Lindner, preprint, FERMILAB-PUB-89/17 T
  
  
**Possible Origins of the Democratic Yukawa Matrices**

* [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0370269387901869|Specific breaking of chiral symmetries]]
  * [[http://inspirehep.net/record/23606/|BCS like "pairing forces"]], see also [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0167278985901575|this paper by Nambu]] and especially the [[https://inspirehep.net/search?ln=de&p=find+a+kaus+and+a+meshkov&of=hb&action_search|papers by Meshkov and Kaus]]. 
  * [[http://inspirehep.net/record/23673/|Radiative corrections involving heavy fermions]]
<tabbox Why is it interesting?>

Flavor democracy is one of the most attractive approaches to explain the observed mass and mixing angles pattern of the standard model.

It was already [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0370269378904859?via%3Dihub|noted in 1978]] that a Yukawa matrix where all entries are the same, i.e. democratic, yields one important aspect of the flavor puzzle automatically: the heaviness of the third generation. In addition, adding a small perturbation to this democratic ansatz yields successfull relations between the masses and mixing angles.

In addition, there is a [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0505220.pdf|close relationship to the (in)famous Koide formula]] and other popular solutions of the flavor problem, [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0370269389906667?via%3Dihub|called Fritzsch textures]]. 
  
<tabbox History> 
The notion "democratic family mixing" was introduced by
C. Jarlskog in University of Stockholm Report No. 10, 1986
</tabbox>

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