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--- advanced_tools:group_theory [2018/04/13 09:42]
bogumilvidovic [Why is it interesting?]
+++ advanced_tools:group_theory [2020/04/02 15:01]
130.246.243.49 Fix degree symbols
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 A square is defined mathematically as a set of points. A symmetry of the square is a transformation that maps this set of points into itself. This means concretely that by the transformation, no point is mapped to a point outside of the set that defines the square.
-Obvious examples of such transformations are rotations, by $90^\circ$, $180^\circ$, $270^\circ$, and of course $0^\circ$.
+Obvious examples of such transformations are rotations, by $90^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$, and of course $0^{\circ}$.
 {{ :advanced_tools:einheitsquadrat-gedreht22-150x150.png?nolink|}}
-A counter-example is a rotation by, say $5^\circ$. The upper-right corner point $A$ of the square is obviously mapped to a point $A'$ outside of the initial set. Of course, a square still looks like a square after a rotation by $5^\circ$, but, by definition, this is a different square, mathematically a different set of points. Hence, a rotation by $5^\circ$ is no symmetry of the square.
+A counter-example is a rotation by, say $5^{\circ}$. The upper-right corner point $A$ of the square is obviously mapped to a point $A'$ outside of the initial set. Of course, a square still looks like a square after a rotation by $5^\circ$, but, by definition, this is a different square, mathematically a different set of points. Hence, a rotation by $5^{\circ}$ is no symmetry of the square.
-A characteristic property of the symmetries of the square is that the combination of two transformations that leave the square invariant is again a symmetry. For example, combining a rotation by $90^\circ$ and $180^\circ$ is equivalent to a rotation of $270^\circ$, which is again a symmetry of the square. We will elaborate on this in the next post. In fact, the basic axioms of group theory can be derived from such an easy example.
+A characteristic property of the symmetries of the square is that the combination of two transformations that leave the square invariant is again a symmetry. For example, combining a rotation by $90^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$ is equivalent to a rotation of $270^{\circ}$, which is again a symmetry of the square. We will elaborate on this in the next post. In fact, the basic axioms of group theory can be derived from such an easy example.
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